ASTM International Standard Test Method for Residual Stress Measurement by X-Ray Diffraction for Bearing Steels ASTM E2860-12

1.1 This test method covers a procedure for experimentally determining macroscopic residual stress tensor components of quasi-isotropic bearing steel materials by X-ray diffraction (XRD). 1.2 This test method provides a guide for experimentally determining stress values, which play a significant role in bearing life. 1.3 Examples of how tensor values are used are: 1.3.1 Detection of grinding type and abusive grinding; 1.3.2 Determination of tool wear in turning operations; 1.3.3 Monitoring of carburizing and nitriding residual stress effects; 1.3.4 Monitoring effects of surface treatments such as sand blasting, shot peening, and honing; 1.3.5 Tracking of component life and rolling contact fatigue effects; 1.3.6 Failure analysis; 1.3.7 Relaxation of residual stress; and 1.3.8 Other residual-stress-rela ted issues that potentially affect bearings. 1.4 Units-The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.