a non-iron, granular oxidizer that is added to sulfuric acid and/or nitric acid to produce an effective deoxidizer for all wrought alloys and some castings. Used at 2-8 oz/gal with 6-10% v/v sulfuric acid, or 3-5% sulfuric acid plus 3-5% nitric acid, or 20-50% nitric acid at room temperature for 1 to 10 minutes.